Taran Swan Hbr Case Analysis - 2602 Words

Taran Swan at Nickelodeon Latin America Background Nickelodeon is a cable channel for kids 2-11 years old. It started out in the US in 1979. Nickelodeon produced cartoons, live action, comedy, drama, music, sports and game shows. In 1996 it was the most popular kid’s TV channel in the US. The international channels had their own names, but relied on US programs that were voiced over. The channels were launched by a team from corporate the company called the Nickelodeon International Swat Team. They would build the channel and transition it to local management. By 1998 Nickelodeon was in more than 30 countries. While Taran Swan was the director of Business Development for Nickelodeon International, she had begun to look into†¦show more content†¦Swan’s enthusiasm and philosophy of open communication and ownership of tasks had brought the Nickelodeon team together. Latin America was very segmented. Regional dialects, customs and languages needed required attention. Rey del Valle was brought in from Fedex to help keep the network on budget. Even though he had no experience in entertainment, Swan was particularly concerned with the bottom line. With this move, and others, money was being spent on gambles but the reasoning behind them was well informed. Investments in quantitative and qualitative studies were recommended by Del Valle, further aligning them with their immersive business strategy. The sharing of employees between Nickelodeon and MTV in Latin America was an immediate obstacle for Swan. Early, sharing Viacom employees was the only option to have a support staff for Nickelodeon Latin America. The extreme differences between the networks confused the advertisement and sales departments. Viacom employees were being asked to sell two networks instead of one, without being given extra incentive to do so. Swan has approached this obstacle by sharing her enthusiasm for Nickelodeon with the Viacom staff via her ‘Growing Down’ meetings. The important ‘childhood’ culture was communicated in the meetings along with their marketing that included the ‘Ayuda tu Mundo’ (Help your

Analysis Of Henry David Thoreau s Walden - 1183 Words

Henry David Thoreau will go down in history as one of the greatest influential writer’s and philosophers in American history. Not only was he a smart and intelligent man, but he had such wisdom and determination when he looked at every aspect of life. Thoreau was just an ordinary individual from Concord, which helped the readers relate to him on a more personal level when they read his work. In Thoreau’s Walden, he wanted the reader to understand that you should live life more simple, connect with nature so you can connect with God, and live your life working hard so you do not have to solely rely on anyone. Thoreau moved and lived in the woods for two years to simply live simpler. Before Thoreau moved into the woods, he had been living in Concord, Massachusetts. â€Å"Young Thoreau, then in his late 20s, had tried to live as others lived - as a schoolmaster, a private tutor, a surveyor, a gardener, a farmer, a house painter, a carpenter, a mason, a day-laborer, a pencil-maker, a glass-paper maker, a writer, and sometimes a poetaster, by his own reckoning - but had found those careers wanting. The mass of men, he wrote, lead lives of quiet desperation. He was determined not to be one of them.† (Christian Science Monitor) Thoreau wanted to find his place in the world, he wanted to find his purpose. Thoreau once said, â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live life deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Henry David Thoreau s Walden861 Words   |  4 Pagesto die tomorrow would y ou live differently? Henry David Thoreau in an excerpt of his book Walden addresses complex philosophical ideas including death, simplifying everyday life and religion using: carefully chosen, meditative word choice, comparisons and other philosophies and stories intended for the audience of Concord during the 1800’s. Death is uncertain; no one survives to tell of the other side, yet it perpetuates life into existence. Thoreau compares living life to sculpting and that toRead MoreHenry David Thoreau: The Grat Transcendentalist Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesHenry David Thoreau along with a select group of people propelled the short movement of transcendentalism during the 1830s to the 1850s and was later brought up during the Vietnam War. Many of the transcendentalist ideas came from student who attended Harvard University during this time period. Henry David Thoreau’s individualistic anarchist views on society were developed throughout his early life and later refined in his years of solitude; these views on society and government are directly expressedRead MoreThe Effect Of Transcendentalism : Henry David Thoreau1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of Transcendentalism: Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalism is the American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century that was rooted in the pure Romanticism of the English and the German (Goodman). Ralph Waldo Emerson is considered the father of Transcendentalism because his literature is the first to praise the notable spirituality of nature. The basic belief of the movement is to live authentically; being true to oneself (Day). The movement itselfRead MoreTranscendentalism And Its Impact On Society1491 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement during the 1820’s through 1830’s, ideology was widely changed for the people who believed in such a movement, this took place in the Eastern United States. Since this was such an early era, not many people could agree on the same two things, which is why so many ideas arose during the period of time within the United States. Two famous minds from this time period were none other than Ralph Waldo Emerson, who came first and later led to the t eaching of Henry David Thoreau, the two most brilliantRead MoreThe Emergence Of Self Concept1489 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment process gradually starts in the early months of life and is formed through connections and encounters. I believe that self-concept is a scholarly thought which does not originate from nature, rather a result of social collaboration. Anybody s past cooperation with others demonstrates that individual how they ought to see themselves in routes not the same as the ways others see them. This is also apparent across other cultures and borders. This concept is found deeply rooted in American cultureRead MoreTranscendentalism : The And The Movement1027 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurred during the 1820s, and 1830s. List 5 major authors associated with the movement Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Explain what Transcendentalist believed about each of the following topics: Human Nature They were to live independently, all you need is your mind, knowledge is born with. They also believed that an institution isn t necessary, and it s better to live independently. Truth A system of thought based, on a belief of the essential unity of allRead MoreYour Freedom Is Not Free Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves from whatever shackles limited them from reaching their potentials, both literally and figuratively. Henry David Thoreau, Fredrick Douglass, and Ralph Waldo Emerson are exemplary writers of the nineteenth century who strove to articulate not only the ideas of freedom and justice, but also the means by which these ideals, which they themselves acted upon, might be realized. Thoreaus Walden and Resistance to Civil Government, Douglasss Narrative, and Emersons The American Scholar areRead MoreThe Great Traversers By Ralph Waldo Emerson2868 Words   |  12 PagesThe Great Traversers (A detailed look into three transcendental ideas, as presented by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau) In this spirit I have just discovered Emerson. For forty years I have known something about him, of course—that he was a mystical philosopher; the apostle of transcendentalism in America†¦.† (Abbot, lines 9-10). From within the text of the author of this quote, it can be seen the shear praise and gratitude held for a man by the name of Ralph Waldo Emerson. EmersonRead MoreEssay about The Works of E. B. White1540 Words   |  7 Pagesknown as the The New Yorker appeared. White wanted a job there, so he decided to send in an essay of his and it was soon published. Soon after, he was offered a job. According to S. Ward, his writing helped make The New Yorker a success. White’s most important literary influence was Henry David Thoreau, the author of Walden: Or, Life In The Woods and it was the only book that White cared about owning (Bill Delaney). According to Delaney, Thoreau’s subtle humor and individualistic philosophy has influencedRead MoreSurface: the Key to Understanding Moby-dick Essay2304 Words   |  10 PagesWorks: The effect of projection is to isolate the subject from his environment, since instead of a real relation to it there is now only an illusionary one. Projections change the world into the replica of ones own unknown face. In the last analysis, therefore, they lead to an autoerotic or autistic condition in which one dreams a world whose reality remains forever unattainable. (9) For Ahab, the identity that he has projected upon himself is that of a being superior to Moby Dick. If Moby

Veneration without Understanding free essay sample

The national revolution represents a peak of achievement to which the minds of man return time and again in reverence and for a renewal of faith in freedom. For the national revolution is invariably the one period in a nations history when the people were most united, most involved, and most decisively active in the fight for freedom. Revolution becomes the principal hero of his people. There is Washington for the United States, Lenin for the Soviet Union, Bolivar for Latin America, Sun Yat Sen, then Mao Tse-Tung for China and Ho Chi Minh for Vietnam. The unity between the venerated mass action and the honored single individual enhances the influence of both. In our case, our national hero was not the leader of our Revolution. In fact, he repudiated that Revolution. In no uncertain terms he placed himself against Bonifacio and those Filipinos who were fighting for the countrys liberty. In fact, when he was arrested he was on his way to Cuba to use his medical skills in the service of Spain. And in the manifesto of December 15, 1896 which he addressed to the Filipino people, he declared: â€Å"From the very beginning, when I first had notice of what was being planned, I opposed it, fought it, and demonstrated its absolute impossibility. I did even more. When later, against my advice, the movement materialized, of my own accord I offered my good offices, but my very life, and even my name, to be used in whatever way might seem best, toward stifling the rebellion; for convinced of the ills which it would bring, I considered myself fortunate if, at any sacrifice, I could prevent such useless misfortune†¦. I have written also (and I repeat my words) that reforms, to be beneficial, must come from above, and those which comes from below are irregularly gained and uncertain. Holding these ideas, I cannot do less than condemn, and I do condemn this uprising-which dishonors us Filipinos and discredits those that could plead our cause. I abhor its criminal methods and disclaim all part in it, pitying from the bottom of my heart the unwary that have been deceived into taking part in it.† Rizal and The Revolution Rizals refusal to align himself with the revolutionary forces and his vehement condemnation of the mass movement and of its leaders have placed Filipinos in a dilemma. Either the Revolution was wrong, yet we cannot disown it, or Rizal was wrong, yet we cannot disown him either. By and large, we have chosen to ignore this apparent contradiction. Rizalists, especially, have taken the easy way out, which is to gloss over the matter. They have treated Rizals condemnation of the Katipunan as a skeleton in his closet and have been responsible for the silent treatment on his unequivocal position against the Revolution. For some Rizalists, this aspect of Rizal has been a source of embarrassment inasmuch as they picture him as the supreme symbol of our struggle for freedom. Other in fact privately agree with his stand as evidenced by their emphasis on the gradualism of Rizals teachings particularly his insistence on the primacy of education. They would probably praise Rizals stand against the Revolution, if they dared. Since they do not dare for themselves, there are also prudently silent for Rizals sake. Others, careless and superficial in their approach to history and perhaps afraid to stir a hornets nest of controversy, do not think it important to dwell on this contradiction between our Revolution and our national hero and elect to leave well enough alone. Perhaps they do not perceive the adverse consequences of our refusal to analyze and resolve this contradiction. Yet the consequences are manifest in our regard for our Revolution and in our understanding of Rizal. The Philippine Revolution has always been overshadowed by the omnipresent figure and the towering reputation of Rizal. Because Rizal took no part in that Revolution and in fact repudiated it, the general regard for our Revolution is not as high as it otherwise would be. On the other hand, because we refuse to analyze the significance of his repudiation, our understanding of Rizal and of his role in our national development remains superficial. This is a disservice to the event, to the man, and to ourselves. Rizals reaction toward the Revolution is unexpected, coming as it did from a man whose life and labors were supposed to have been dedicated to the cause of his countrys freedom. Had someone of lesser stature uttered those words of condemnation, he would have been considered a traitor to the cause. As a matter of fact, those words were treasonous in the light of the Filipinos struggle against Spain. Rizal repudiated the one act which really synthesized our nationalist aspiration, and yet we consider him a nationalist leader. Such an appraisal has dangerous implications because it can be used to exculpate those who actively betrayed the Revolution and may serve to diminish the ardor of those who today may be called upon to support another great nationalist undertaking to complete the anti-colonial movement. An American-Sponsored Hero I. Rizal being a revered figure His pre-eminence among our heroes was partly the result of American sponsorship. This sponsorship took two forms: 1. Encouraging a Rizal cult 2. Minimizing the importance of other heroes or even of vilifying them. I. Philippine Commission was suggested that Filipinos be given a national hero a. Rizals formal designation as our national hero, his elevation to his present eminence so far above all our other heroes was abetted and encouraged by the Americans. b. 1901- Governor William Howard Taft, suggested that the Philippine Commission to the Filipinos be given a national hero. December 28, 1946- The Free Press gives this account of a meeting of the Philippine Commission: Civil Governor W. H. Taft addressed to the Filipino members of the civil commission a.) Pardo de Tavera b.) Legarda c.)Luzuriaga III. Rizal being chosen as the national hero Between Two Empires (Theodore Friend) and with other American colonial officials and some conservative Filipinos, chose him (Rizal) as a model hero over other contestants Aguinaldo too militant, Bonifacio too radical, Mabini unregenerate.† III. Acts of Philippine Commission for Rizal’s sponsorship This decision to sponsor Rizal was implemented with the passage of the following Acts of the Philippine Commission: (1) Act No. 137 which organized the politico-military district of Morong and named it the province of Rizal â€Å"in honor of the most illustrious Filipino and the most illustrious Tagalog the islands had ever known, â€Å" (2) Act No.243 which authorized a public subscription for the erection of a monument in honor or Rizal at the Luneta, and (3) Act No. 346 which set aside the anniversary of his death as a day of observance.

Global Poverty for Politics and Policy Making - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Poverty for Politics and Policy Making. Answer: Poverty prevents people from accessing their needs and wants. There are many types of poverty, which are still prevalent in the society. Among them is the absolute poverty, which tends to deprive people from their needs such as shelter and food. Although it has been believed that to eradicate the absolute poverty, which still has its existence in the modern world of today and it, has become quite relevant among women, children, elderly and refugees (Kendall, 2012). Therefore, in this context, it is important to take into account why children and women of the society incorporating refugees, elderly as well as the refugees still suffering from the impact of the absolute poverty? This relevant question would be discussed in the following essay in order to examine why the absolute poverty impacts and influences women, refugees, children and elderly people more than the other population. Children are regarded as the worst victims of the absolute poverty and it is quite hard for them to coup up with the battle of poverty at a very tender age. However, Children in the developing world are regarded as the ones who are suffering from the absolute poverty. The number of children who are suffering from such poverty even in the developed countries is still staggering (James Prout, 2015). According to the council of social services of Australia, there are three million people who are living in the poverty even in the developed countries living in the poverty of Australia where there are 731,000 are the children (Macionis, Plummer Plummer, 2012). However, with time, the aspect and framework of the traditional nuclear families have transformed which resulted in the children who are living with the mother who are unmarried or widowed. With the families who failed to provide the children along with their basic needs of the food shelter and clothing. Children often run away in order to live in the streets from home and start dreaming about leading a new life and look forward to survive with a renewal hope. The different organizations, which are tackling the child poverty, have estimated there are existences of 100 million children of city who still exist all over the world stealing and begging for food. In the other countries around the world, due to the traditional and religious beliefs, people do not believe in using contraceptives or believe in framing family plan. This results in family having lower levels of lower income and the resources that is having a higher number of children and finally failing to meet the basic wants of the children. This resulted in the increasing rates of the mortality among the children in the developing nations as the children were suffering from malnutrition and the deficiency of the health resources at a younger age (James Prout, 2015). It does not matter whether it is the Indias paddy fields or New Yorks Multinational Company, the working women are always undervalued unrecognized and not paid. However, in todays 21st century, the wider gap between men and women is still prevalent. It has gone much worse in the developing countries where the roles of the women are to conceive and involve doing their duties of household. Women were not allowed to take education from the younger age and instead of this, the women are forced to do the jobs of household like cleaning and cooking. The women of the developing countries, along with women of the developed countries, like United States of America and Australia face poverty. Almost one fourth of black and Hispanic women exist in poverty and one third of women who runs their family are needy. As the mother is the chief source of care for her children, in case of divorce and separation, mother is in the responsible position to bring up her kids (Mohammadpur, Karimi Alizadeh, 2 014). Thus, in scenarios like where women are less paid than the men are, the women who have to bring up their children are bound to fall in poverty. In some of these cases, women face absolute poverty as it became difficult to raise the children along with satisfy own needs with low income. Feminizing poverty arises with the notion of unfair share of rights and property and the number of women are in the poverty line. The percentage of poor women is 60-70% of the total poor population (Cunningham Cunningham, 2014). The factors that situate women in the feminizing poverty are payment inequality, dissimilar opportunities and the results of readjustment policies. The factors like different economic support to individual women and remuneration, war and migration, disappearing family and supporting structure of the ethnic group, the women face feminization of poverty and it aids to create a particular section of women who are the caretaker women who are the poorest group in the poor wo men. The numbers of people are huge who are dislocated from their own land. The reason for this relocation might be environmental disaster or civil war and for this reason, the refugees have to leave their own land and property. The other reasons might be economic or political and the fleeing people wanted to avoid tyranny or war (Yoshikawa et al. 2012; Macionis Plummer, 2012). They have to leave all the possession when relocating, which result in leaving with nothing but only the dress what they are wearing and carrying. They have fear as they could be accused for illegal entry in the new country. The controversial arguments of the refugees are that they get attention from humanitarian side as they have no land however, they face problems related to racism and crossing of symbolic border in the new country. It depends on the host nation whether to accept or reject them (Chatzitheochari Arber 2012).Suppose if the hosting country accepts the refugees who want to cross the border and arri ve at the new nation, the chance of success is very low as hosting nation shares different language, education and recruiting system. After losing almost everything and coming to the hosting country, most of the refugees naturally face poverty and more appropriately say absolute poverty, as they are incapable of earn their living in the new country for language and cultural difference (Chatzitheochari Arber 2012). The number of aging population is higher in the modern world and this is the most important feature of this world. According to the statistics of the United Nation, the number of aging population is higher in the modern world and this is one of the noticeable features of the contemporary world (Wang, Shang Xu, 2012; Biddle, 2014). It is almost double by the middle of the century. Most of the elderly people have worked throughout the whole life, however, after the retirement they face poverty or absolute poverty. Most of retired people performs job, which takes most of their lifetime, however, after retirement, the retired person have no source of income, thus, they are unable to survive in the condition with increasing price of food, housing and healthcare. They have no source of income and their health condition is declining, in this situation, they face absolute poverty. However, with the increasing rise of the aging population, the well-being of the elderly people is becoming a s ocial issue. The Government should look into the matter and give chances where they can live in pleasurable condition. The problem with the elderly people is that they spent most of their income in rearing their children and educating them, thus, they are left with almost no money in their hand. After maturing, the children are more focused on their own well-being than their elderly parents because of the individualistic society in the modern world. This could be one of the causes for elderly people experiencing poverty in the old age after incoming lifelong (Ball, 2012). One who lacks income and resources is suffering from poverty. The children, refugees, women and elderly suffer more in poverty than the other victims do. The women, elderly, refuges and children face much poverty due to drawbacks facing by them. It is true that poverty damages young people and men (Biddle, 2014). However, the disadvantages draw them in much poverty. One has to work hard enough to contribute to the society to eradicate poverty. Poverty does not differentiate among the old, young, men or women. Even the groups, which face absolute poverty, suffer more as they face most of the disadvantages. The reasons of poverty might be unequal wage gap between two sexes or war. It is still in conflict to identify the reasons behind leaving everything and continuing the lives. It can be said when the absolute poverty will end as it is there in the society from the beginning of the time. This rises to the creation of the vital gap between the rich and the poor. References Ball, S. J. (2012).Politics and policy making in education: Explorations in sociology. Routledge. Biddle, B. (2014).Social class, poverty and education. Routledge. Chatzitheochari, S., Arber, S. (2012). Class, gender and time poverty: a time?use analysis of British workers free time resources.The British journal of sociology,63(3), 451-471. Cunningham, J., Cunningham, S. (2014).Sociology and social work. Learning Matters. Giddens, A., Duneier, M., Appelbaum, R. P., Carr, D. S. (2016).Introduction to sociology. WW Norton. James, A., Prout, A. (Eds.). (2015).Constructing and reconstructing childhood: Contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood. Routledge. Kendall, D. (2012).Sociology in our times. Cengage Learning. Macionis Plummer. (2012). Sociology: A global introduction (5th ed.). Pearson Education, Essex, UK Macionis, Plummer, Plummer, Kenneth. (2012). Sociology: A global introduction (5th Ed.). Harlow, England; New York: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Mohammadpur, A., Karimi, J., Alizadeh, M. (2014). Women and culture of poverty (a qualitative study of the culture of poverty among the Iranian caretaker women). Quality Quantity, 48(1), 1-14. Wang, X., Shang, X., Xu, L. (2012). Subjective Well?being Poverty of the Elderly Population in China. Social Policy Administration, 45(6), 714-731. Yoshikawa, Hirokazu, Aber, J. Lawrence, Beardslee, William R. (2012). The Effects of Poverty on the Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Health of Children and Youth: Implications for Prevention. American Psychologist, 67(4), 272-284.

Dear American Airlines Review Essay Example

Dear American Airlines Review Paper Essay on Dear American Airlines Surely youve ever traveled by plane. And of course, faced with the flight delay. Perhaps because of this, you have even slipped a business meeting, or did not work out something in his personal life Stop! So why do you then read this post? Immediately sit down and write a letter of complaint the company that was to blame. A better way to start: Dear (insert name themselves) airline So what? This is what the hero of the debut book by Jonathan Miles called Dear American Airlines. Benjamin Ford was in a hurry for the wedding of his daughter, he had seen the last time she still did not know how to speak. And now he was suddenly invited to the wedding, the groom (or bride) it is one Krupichki Silvana. Yes, life has developed. Generally, when you drink too much and thought much of the actions, it seems, can not happen like that. However, to moralize the protagonist is not in my competence. And the book is not about We will write a custom essay sample on Dear American Airlines Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dear American Airlines Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dear American Airlines Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What can you do to pass the endless waiting time at the airport? Everyone on this question my answer. And Benjamin decided to write a letter of complaint to the company that he was set up So we know the story of his life, his true love, which he lost by his own stupidity, desires, dreams The novel with a great sense of humor. And if we consider that the Dear American Airlines opening book by Jonathan Miles, then it can be safely put the readers excellent. Fascinating and unusual filed plot, a good joke, a good translation Im only a couple of times entangled in the intricacies of the plot, but it does not count. Maybe my fault, because while reading silently a little distracted from the story, but the interest is not affected. It was terribly curious whether Benjamin will have time for the wedding, he will meet with his daughter and with his one true love. Happy ending, or again the loss and disappointment? In general, the book is clearly worthwhile. I will definitely continue to monitor the work of the author.

The Best Way to Learn Italian

The Best Way to Learn Italian The Italian national soccer team, known as Gli Azzurri because of their blue jerseys, has ranked among the top teams in the world for years. Theyve won the World Cup many times, Italian-born players routinely sign multimillion-dollar contracts for European teams, and the Italian soccer leagues offer some of the most talented competition anywhere. The overriding reason for their success? Practice, practice, practice. And thats the secret to learning Italian or any other foreign language. Exercise your language muscles every day, and soon you, too, will be competing with the best of them. While many think that the quickest and most effective way to learn Italian is the total immersion method- traveling to Italy for an extended period and studying at any of the thousands of language schools throughout the country- there are other, more sustainable options to explore from home, too. Start Studying Youve already taken the most important step to learning Italian when you started searching online (and found this website)Â  because the most important thing is to start studying! And even though there are tons of resources available on the market, any method is appropriate as long as you maintain a consistent study schedule. Choose Your Learning Materials So once you choose a realistic amount of time that you can devote to your Italian studies each day, then reading an Italian textbook, taking a language course at a university or local language school, completing workbook exercises, listening to podcast or mp3s, or conversing with a native Italian speaker all count. Define Your Goals Many people mistake a desire to be conversational for a desire for fluency. The whole point of spending all of this time learning Italian is so you can have real conversations with real people, so keep that in mind as you choose your learning materials. Find things that are practical and that offer language you can use with actual people. Stick to Your Routine Spend some time every day reading, writing, speaking, and listening to Italian to become accustomed to the target language. Slowly but surely, your confidence will build with your language partners, your accent will become less pronounced, your vocabulary will expand, and youll be communicating in Italian. Maybe youll even start speaking Italian with your hands. In the end, visiting Italy to have a total immersion experience is wonderful, especially when doing things like a homestay where you literally eat, breathe, and (hopefully) dream in Italian. But, as you know, trips end, and humans easily forget what they’ve learned, so routine is key if you truly want to be conversational.

Wal-Mart Employee Relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Wal-Mart Employee Relations - Research Paper Example Wal-Mart will, therefore, have to consider hiring an external consulting firm to help in settling this issue once and for good. Wal-Mart should start arrangements to hire a consulting firm which is well versed with labor issues in order to help it look for a solution which will bring its issues with its employees to a halt. The internal management will be tasked to procure these services by analyzing the available consulting services in order to choose at the best consulting services. Since the issue at hand is a human resource issue, Wal-Mart will have to look for a consulting firm which is experienced or which specializes in human resource and labor issues. The employees through their representatives should also be involved in the process of hiring the consulting firm so that they do not feel that they have been left out of the process. This will be important since the issue at hand is one that affects the employees, and therefore, the need to involve them in the process of solving the issue. According to Mendy, the success of organizational change starts with the managers', as well as the employees', understanding the need for change. This is why it is necessary for managers to be able to inform their employees of the issues the firm is facing. Failing to involve the employees in the process of developing the solution will only lead to them rejecting whatever solution will be provided to them and, it is, therefore, necessary to make sure that they are involved so that they will own the solution at the end of the process.... As Bruce, Cheryl and Coskun (1994) say, information systems help an organisation to be ahead of the competitors in the industry. Wal-Mart has, however, failed to use this opportunity to reform its workforce and has only concentrated on using technology for other uses such as streamlining its supply chain systems. According to Kharbanda (2002), organisations are supposed to continually change in order to be able to overcome the many issues which they face in the market. As such, well-designed information systems can and do help the organisation in gaining the kind of information and knowledge which will be useful in the strategic decision-making process, thus helping it to deal with the issues it may be facing (Jamieson & Szeto, 1989). Wal-Mart has, however, seemingly ignored this and has failed to look at the issue of employee dissatisfaction. While it is very imminent that Wal-Mart needs organisation change to be able to deal with the human resource it is facing today, it continues to ignore the issues. This lack of organisational change continues to be eminent in Wal-Mart, where the need for change is always disregarded, even in cases where it is very obvious that change is needed. One of the major instances where Wal-Mart has been seen to fail to change was in the 1980s during the Buy-American euphoria era. While Wal-Mart’s competitors refused to fall for this euphoria but rather continued to buy from across the international borders in order to access cheaper goods for their stores, Wal-Mart refused to use this and continued to buy stock from local manufacturers, which were more expensive. This adamant refusal to change regardless of the fact that this was causing the firm to lose its strategic edge in the market can

BUS303 MODULE 4 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BUS303 MODULE 4 - Coursework Example straight forward, and does not give a good idea of the historical background and reason of introducing STP and what role it has played in company’s growth and achievements. In addition to this, point of educating employees about customer relation is not justified properly as customers vary with each other and it is not possible to learn to deal with all of them, just by attending a program. It requires experience and meeting and talking with customers practically. Another thing that can be criticized is the audience which is addressed in the presentation. It is largely focused on the impact and benefits of STP on general employees of the company. Its overall impact on the company and performances of managers and executives are not dealt in detail. If STP is eliminated, than managing strategy and tactics will be changed, which can bring either good or bad results to the sales and reputation of the company. This futuristic aspect of eliminating STP was left untouched. Using examples of companies and organizations, to portray the importance of such trainings, could have made the presentation more lively and captivating. It would have also helped in magnifying the need of sales training programs in a sport goods company. Moreover, the argument that it will push employees from being customer oriented to sales oriented cannot be justified as these programs are also focused on increasing company sales and thinking solutions which can earn more profit for the company. Recommendations of using less company resources in conducting such programs and implementing the technology of online learning to educate new hires about company’s structure and objective could have been included in the presentation. Baldwin, D. (2012). Creating an Environment for Innovation. Retrieved December 26, 2012, from Centre for Simplified Strategic Planning: http://www.cssp.com/CD0902/CreatingInnovativeEnvironment/default.php National Sales Center. (2011). The Overlooked Benefits Of Sales

DETAILS OF ASSIGNMENTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

DETAILS OF ASSIGNMENTS - Essay Example Combined with unprofessional clinicians that provided support, I found a new lease on dying and the processes involved that have far-reaching consequences on family and the victim. Most children do not think of death and dying nor contemplate its somewhat grotesque cultural symbolism, instead they are too busy considering peer relationships or the receipt of their next reward for good behaviour. Perceptions of death at the childhood level are usually ambiguous sensations that occur when exposed to different death scenarios, such as the loss of a distanced great-grandmother. It is not until adulthood arrives that the individual begins to think about death, reinforced by different retirement packages offered by companies or other cultural symbols, and wonders about the realities of death as an unstoppable outcome to living. I have always had a form of thanaphobia, which is fear of dying or death, and of the dead (Aiken, 2000). It is likely a product of different media images, such as Michael Jackson’s â€Å"Thriller† which depicts the gruesome, mangled aspects of death that come from decomposition. Perhaps it was built as a combination of different stimuli related to death, such as news reports that highlight the crushed automobile that reinforce our absolute frailty as human beings. Until Aunt Linda was diagnosed with cancer, I had been able to calm my mild thanaphobia and just accept that it would be an eventual part of my life cycle that should be accepted, but rarely reflected upon. It was her response to having terminal cancer and the emotional phases that this once-vibrant woman went through that forever changed my view of dying and transformed mild thanaphobia into a full-blown case of it. When an individual is told they have a terminal illness, they often reach a stage in coping referred to as anger, where the individual looks for someone to fault for their problem, such as the doctor, God, or anyone they

Case Study on Adolescent Depression

Case Study on Adolescent Depression This case study concerns a teenage service user whom we shall refer to using a pseudo name, Katie, to maintain confidentiality in line with the Nursing Midwifery Council Code of Conduct (NMC, 2015). Katie suffers from a comorbidity of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and depression, and the focus of case study is on thedepression component. Managing and treating depression has proved to be sometimes difficult for both practitioners and patients due to its multi-dimensional aetiology which is attributed to a combination of biological, environmental and personal factors. Its impact is equally challenging as it usually associated with poor disease control, adverse health outcomes and quality of life impairment (Andreoulakis, Hyphantis, Kandylis, Iacovides, 2012).The case study will explore pathophysiological and psychological perspectives in the aetiology of depression. The objective of the survey is to undertake a systematic enquiry (Holloway, Wheeler, 2010). Using a real world situation to ga in a deeper understanding of the situation to try and solve a problem and improve the current situation (Aitken Marshall, 2007).The utility of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is discussed as the intervention that was prescribed for Katie. The rationale is that CBT is relevant to the assessment outcomes and the symptoms presented by Katie. The GP referral to the Community Mental Health Team states that Katie is a 16-year-old enthusiastic teenager, who is in full-time education and enjoys extramural activities in school and also enjoys socialising. Recently Katie was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and prescribed insulin pump therapy. Following this diagnosis, Katie became remarkably withdrawn from friends and family, with expressions of hopelessness and low self-esteem. She has lost interest in the activities that she has been enjoying in her life. Her GP diagnosed depression. The condition has been getting worse and persistent for three weeks, putting a significant strain on her parents, including two siblings who live with her. The GP concluded the case warranted specialist attention and referred Kate to the Community Mental Health Team. Katies referral notes suggested that her depression should be assessed further due to deterioration in her mental health. The assessment highlighted significant depression symptoms such as poor sleeping patterns, weight loss, burdensomeness, constant feeling of sadness (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2016). Also, self- loathing, insomnia, lack of energy, irritable mood, physical pains and a gloomy outlook on life including diminished pleasure in enjoyable activities were the contemporary (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2016). The symptoms are likely to impact on the ability to cope, personal relationships and the general quality of life (Pryjmachuk, 2011). To determine the severity of Katies mental health, the Registered Nursing Practitioner took the lead in completing a Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9) with Katie. Katie scored as having major depression. This self-reporting tool is critical in aiding practitioners to conceptualise depress ion as it can be used to monitor, diagnose, and measure the severity of depression (Wu, 2014). The risk of harm is critical to the assessment of depression (NICE, 2016). Studies show that mental disorders are present in 90% of suicide cases in the UK, with depression found in 60% of the cases (Centre for Suicide Research, 2012). Hence, Katie was assessed on the risk of self-harm. However, she did not state any thoughts or actions of self-harm or suicide attempts. Due to the severity and the diverse nature of her symptoms an appointment was arranged for Katie to see the team Psychiatrist. Katie agreed to the decision. This led to the intervention discussed later in the essay. Katies symptoms include loss of appetite, and there is substantial evidence that links eating disorders with depression, especially among young females (Allen, Crosby, Oddy, Byrne, 2013). As pointed out by Allen et al. (2013) Eating disorders can lead to over eating, which contributes to other problems such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, Loss of appetite can lead to malnutrition, Loss of weight and fatigue. Eating problems also lead to stomach aches, cramps and constipation (Allen et al. 2013). Literature also shows that depression is linked to nearly every other physical and mental illness, as according to the joint report (Royal College of Psychiatrists and Royal College of General Practitioners, 2009). Also, there is sufficient of evidence that physical illness disturbs our feelings and thinking, just as social, and personal stress can cause ill health (Royal College of Psychiatrists and Royal College of General Practitioners, 2009). Also, other diseases can trigger stress and o nset depression, as is the case with Katie who got depressed after a diagnosis of diabetes. Oladeji Gureje (2013) suggest that patients can be caught in a vicious circle in which depression contributes to other present conditions and vice versa. Conceptualising the pathophysiology of depression is made complicated by the fact that while the majority of patients respond to pharmacological treatments such as antidepressants, some patients remain partially or wholly unresponsive to drugs (Cryan, Leonard, 2010).In these illustrations, there are individual differences in the manifestation of depression that cannot be addressed in current drug regimes. It follows that treatment for depression needs to be observed according to how each patients response to treatment(Andersson, Cuijpers, 2008).And this should provide guidance in formulating Katies care plan in this study. However, there is research evidence that links depression for the maintenance of the homoeostasis and stress levels (Leonard, 2005; Cryan, Leonard, 2010). Stress is often well-defined as a state of real or perceived threat to homoeostasis (Leonard, 2005). The homoeostasis process function is to provide the essential balance and stability in the body systems to e nable cells to sustain life (Clancy, McVicar, 2011).Stress to the homoeostasis will activate stress response to provide the required body function balance (Leonard, 2005). Critically to the depression paradigm, the stress response mechanism is mediated by multiple responses that involve the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems, which are collectively known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) (Cryan, Leonard, 2010). Changes that happen to the HPA and the immune system as a result of chronic stress can trigger anxiety and depression (Leonard, 2005). Depression is also ascribed to imbalances that arise in the brain about serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine (Charney, Feder Nestler, 2009). Evidence suggests that the physiological functions that are mediated by neurotransmitter serotonin include sleep, aggression, eating, sexual behaviour and mood (Nutt, Demyttenaere, Janka, Aarre, Bourin, Canonico, Stahl, 2007). All these symptoms are much dominant in most depression cases, and indeed symptoms such as insomnia, loss of appetite experienced by Katie. Research also suggests that reduced production of serotonergic neurones that make serotonin has an impact on mood states and contributes to depression (Nutt et al. 2007). However, several lines of evidence suggest that neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in motivation that drives to seek reward and pleasure, and it is believed low levels on this transmitter play a role when depressed people cease to enjoy activities that they enjoyed in the past (Charney et al. 2009). Katie had been a vibrant juvenile and lost all the passion for passion when she was diagnosed with depression. Research suggests antidepressants play a role in improving neurotransmitter imbalances (Anderson, 2013). However, in the case of Katie, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NICE (2017), recommends that antidepressants should be used in young people and children only after alternative therapies have been considered. The psychological impact of depression on the patient is concerned with the patients concepts of self, how they conceptualise their illness and the world around them (Barlow, 2014). It is quite critical as this impact on behaviour and treatment outcomes (Sanders Hill, 2014). Above all, an analysis of Katies symptoms and assessment suggest there are significant psychological issues. The symptoms that relate to behaviour include lack of motivation as shown by poor school work and lack of interest in social events that she enjoyed before. She is no longer taking responsibility for daily actions and routines. Katies care plan and treatment should aim to address this. There are also symptoms that relate to self. She felt continuously sad about her present condition, resulting in emergency visits to her GP. In other words, Katie may have felt a loss of status and purpose, having become remarkably withdrawn from friends and family, she was not able to retain a sense of confidence in her th e future. Some of Katies psychological concerns can be addressed within the Community Mental Health Team working with other professionals and Katies Care-Coordinator, and also with Katies family. The support of family and friends could be mobilised to give emotional, spiritual and financial assistance, with her family assuming an influential changing role and responsibilities when one person is ill (Washington Leaver, 2009). The motivation for Katies to participate in daily activities could be initiated by working with the Occupational Therapy to engage in activities at the community centre. Sanders and Hill (2014) examined the psychological impact of depression, in so far as it is conceptualised by the patient, as grounded in the concept of self. They assert that the idea of self is concerned with perceptions and awareness of being, the pattern of perceptions, which is also concerned with consequences for personality and change (Sanders Hill, 2014). Also, a well-functioning self-characterised by assimilation and ability to respond to new experiences. However, a good self-process can become impeded by other impaired person -processes such as intrusive thoughts and any other perceptions that pose a threat and target the self (Sanders Hill, 2014). Threats to the self, which can be internal or external, can culminate in patterned restrictions on perceptions and response which is configured as depression expressed in symptoms such as pervasive feelings of negativity (Sanders and Hill, 2014). This conceptualisation encapsulates Katies perception of herself as Katie could st ill enjoy her life only if she could change her perception of herself. Katies intervention needs to focus on changing her perception of herself. Specifically, the Nursing process involves identification of priorities as well as the determination of appropriate patient-specific outcomes and arbitration, thus determine the urgency of the identified problem and prioritising the patients needs (Ackley, Ladwig, 2013). In other words, mutual goal setting, along with symptom, pattern, recognition and triggers, will help prioritise interventions and determine which intervention is going to provide the greatest impact (Ackley, Ladwig, 2013). Heeramun-Aubeeluck, Luo, (2012) assert that collaborative care, behavioural interventions, and psycho-education are helpful in encouraging patients to maintain treatment and enhance psychological well-being and quality of life. The intervention chosen for Katie in this case study is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). CBT can be accessed through referral to Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT). CBT is supported by NICE (2017), and also various government publications over the years have recommended the use of CBT such as No Health without Mental Health (Department of Health, 2011) and Talking Therapies. CBT is concerned with how people think (cognition), how they feel (emotion) and how they act (behaviour) (Daniels, 2015). CBT is psychoeducational and focused on changing the way people conceptualise illness to influence their behaviour and attitude (Daniels, 2015). The objective of cognitive processing is to examine patients thoughts and help them to learn the skills of acknowledging negative thoughts, often referred to as negative automatic thoughts (NATs). They will then be able to re-evaluate these ideas using an objective framework, and this can involve using approach to gathering evidence for the validity of ideas, such as proof against and for, surveys, or asking a trusted other (Grist, 2011). The rationale for CBT in this study is that its characteristics as a therapy would be helpful to address Katies symptoms and profile, as mostly the symptoms that impact on her quality of life are of cognitive and behavioural nature. Equally important, a problem-solving approach will be adopted to structure and organise Katies nursing care and treatment. Katie will be involved in the whole process to empower her in her care plan through a person-centred approach and intervention that is evidence-based. Evidence-based interventions are practices or programs that have peer-reviewed, documented empirical evidence of effectiveness. Evidence-based interventions use a continuum of activities, strategies, integrated policies, and services whose effectiveness has been verified or informed by research and evaluation (National Resources Centre for Mental Health Promotion Youth Violence Prevention, 2017).Gulanick Myers (2016) contend that intervention is a basis for excellence in nursing practice, which includes correctly identifying existing needs, as well as recognising potential needs or risk, planning, delivering care in own fashion to address actual and prospective needs as well as evaluating the effectiveness care. More importantly, nurses must be able to work autonomously with confidence with significant others, such as families, friends, and carers to ensure Katies needs are met, including self-care arrangement (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2015). Besides, as the name suggests, CBT comprises distinct therapy approaches that the address either the cognitive or the behavioural aspects associated with mood disorders, including depression. In CBT cognitive and behavioural approaches can be used in combination or unilaterally (Dobson Dozois, 2009). The behavioural perspective in CBT looks at the environment and behaviour of the patient. Depressive symptoms are attributed to a decrease in environmental reward, reinforcement of depressive reactions and avoiding alternative actions that facilitate good health (Hopko, Lejuez, Lepage, Hopko, McNeil, 2003). The behavioural perspective to depression underpinned by the works of Lewisohn (1974), who concluded that the pleasure obtained through interaction with ones environment increases the likelihood of a rewarding behaviour. Further, change in the environment could result in deficient response-contingent positive reinforcement (RCPR) which directly contributes to depression (Dobson Dozois, 2009). Dobson Dozois, (2009) highlights Response-Contingent Positive Reinforcement as positive or pleasurable effects deriving from the behaviour of a person within their environment and the likelihood of increasing such conduct. Behavioural Activation therapy has proved to be useful in addressing deficient RCPR and improving mood and thoughts. This treatment focuses on availing activities that support environmental reinforcement (Hopko et al. 2003). Both the cognitive a nd the behavioural components of treatment would benefit Katie. Sheldon (2011) contends that CBT is a therapeutic approach that involves talks and conferences. In this therapy, the patients are involved in discussions, and they express their feelings, behaviours and thoughts to a CBT professional during the initial assessment (Sheldon, 2011). Kassel (2016)asserts the value of CBT as a therapy that teaches individuals how to think and react to certain stressful situations appropriately and can be used for some across a range of disorders including phobias, schizophrenia, depression, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and relationship difficulties. When embarking on CBT interventions, the therapist uses information collected from an interview the patient; in this case, it would be with Katie and guides her through a description of the CBT model of depression as it applies to her profile and symptoms (Kassel, 2016). Also, general models of how thoughts, moods, behaviours, and physica l sensations interact are discussed, enabling identification of a model as it relates to the patients life. Several lines of evidence suggest that CBT is one of the most effective treatments when anxiety and depression present as the primary symptoms (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009). Further, CBT helps to make sense of a profound problem by breaking it down into smaller bits (Kassel, 2016). The National Centre for Biotechnology Information (2012) highlights that a combination therapy consisting of medical drugs and CBT has been establishing to be more efficient when that when medication is used alone in patients with more severe, recurrent or chronic forms of depression in the acute treatment phase. However, as highlighted by RCP (2009) CBT does not a quick fix, and if the patient is feeling depressed, it will be difficult to concentrate on getting them motivated. Further, CBT courses can last for six weeks to sixths months depending on the type of problem, and how motivated the patient is on engaging. CBT offers some significant advantages as an alternative therapy. Given all that h as been mentioned so far, it is evident that CBT has considerable influence on the disease burden of depression as the treatment is safe and cheap (RCP, 2009). Also, it can administer as a self-help programme. CBT is now also delivered online, however, the quality of these trails is not always right (Andersson, Cuijpers, 2008). RCP (2009) notes that some research suggests that CBT may be better than antidepressant at preventing depression relapses. However, it is necessary for the patient to keep practising their CBT skills, even after they are feeling better CONCLUSION The two dominant approaches to conceptualising and treating depression that is the physiological perspective and psychological perspective, offer plausible concepts in understanding the aetiology of depression, yet the patient may attach different conceptualization of the illness, which results from the idea of the self. The idea of the self is quite critical in treatment outcomes in so far as it mediates changes in cognition and behaviour. However, it has not yet been clearly established how the perspectives interact to cause depression symptoms. This case study highlights that when treating depression, it is essential to carefully monitor the response to treatment as some people will not respond to available therapies. Further, as some people dont respond to treatment, there is a lot of research that needs to be done to understand how antidepressants work in different people entirely. Finally, cognitive behavioural therapy has numerous benefits for patients, including, decreased ps ychological distress, improved pain management, increasing self-efficacy, execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations, better quality of life and function. References Ackley, B. J., Ladwig, G. B. (2013). Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (10th ed.). St. Louis, Mo;London; Elsevier Mosby Allen, K. L., Crosby, R. D., Oddy, W. H., Byrne, S. M. (2013). Eating disorder symptom Trajectories in adolescence: Effects of time, participant sex, and early adolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Eating Disorders, 1, 32. doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-32 Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P. (2008). Pros and cons of online cognitive-behavioural therapy. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 193(4), 270. Anderson, I. (2013). How do antidepressants work? British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(1), 41-41. doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.100669 Aitken, L. M., Marshall, A. P. (2007). Writing a case study: Ensuring a meaningful contribution to the literature. Australian Critical Care, 20(4), 132-136. doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2007.08.002 Andreoulakis, E., Hyphantis, T., Kandylis, D., Iacovides, A. (2012). Depression in diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review. Hippokratia, 16(3), 205. Barlow, D. H. (Ed.). (2014). Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual. Guilford Publications. Centre for Suicide Research (2012) Assessment of suicide risk in people with depression. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://cebmh.warne.ox.ac.uk/csr/clinicalguide/docs/Assessment-of-suicide-riskclinical-guide.pdf Charney, D. S., Feder, A., Nestler, E. J. (2009). Psychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 446-457. doi.org/10.1038/nrn2649 Clancy, J., McVicar, A. (2011). Homoeostasis, part 1. homoeostasis versus homeodynamism. British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), 20(3), 176. Cryan, J. F., Leonard, B. E. (Eds.). (2010). Depression: from psychopathology to pharmacotherapy (Vol. 27). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. Daniels, S. (2015). Cognitive behaviour therapy for patients with cancer. Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology, 6(1), 54. Dobson, K. S. and Dozois, D. J. A. (2009) Handbook of Cognitive Behavioural Therapies, 3rd Ed. New York: Guilford Press. Grist, S. (2011). Exploring the role of CBT in mental health. (Cognitive behavioural therapy). London: Macmillan Publishing Ltd. Gulanick, M., Myers, J. L. (2016). Nursing care Plans: Diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes (8th ed.). St. Louis, Mo; London; Mosby. Heeramun-Aubeeluck, A., Lu, Z., Luo, Y. (2012). Comorbidity of depression and diabetes: in a nutshell. Psychology, 3(09), 787. Hopko, D. R., Lejuez, C. W., Lepage, J. P., Hopko, S. D., McNeil, D. W. (2003). A brief behavioural activation treatment for depression: A randomised pilot trial within an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Behaviour Modification, 27(4), 458-469. doi. doi.org/10.1177/0145445503255489. Holloway, I., Wheeler, S. (2010). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare (3rd ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Kassel, (2016). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Rational Emotive Therapy; Rational Behaviour Therapy; Rational Living Therapy; Dialectic Behaviour Therapy; Schema Focused Therapy. Retrieved from http://www.vnacarenewengland.org/encyclopedia/details.cfm?chunkid=101930lang=Englishdb=hlt Leonard, B. E. (2005). The HPA and immune axes in stress: The involvement of the serotonergic system. European Psychiatry, 20, S302-S306. doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(05)80180-4 National Resources Centre for Mental Health Promotion Youth Violence Prevention (2017) Evidence-Based Interventions. American Institutes for Research. Retrieved From http://www.healthysafechildren.org/topics/evidence-based-interventions National Centre for Biotechnology Information, (2012). The use of cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916016/ National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,(2016). Depression in adults: recognition and management. Retrieved From https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/chapter/1-Guidance#care-of-all-people-with-depression National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, (2016). Depression in adults: recognition and management. Retrieved From https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/chapter/Introduction National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, (2016) Depression in adults: recognition and management. Retrieved From https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/chapter/1-guidance?unlid=1368490820159920020#care-of-all-people-with-depression National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, (2017) Using antidepressants in children and young people. Retrieved From https://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/depression/using-antidepressants-in-children-and-young-people National Health Service (NHS), (2016) Cognitive behavioural therapy. Retrieved from http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cognitive-behavioural-therapy/pages/introduction.aspx Nutt, D., Demyttenaere, K., Janka, Z., Aarre, T., Bourin, M., Canonico, P. L., . . . Stahl, S. (2007). The other face of depression, reduced positive affect: The role of catecholamines in causation and cure. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 21(5), 461-471. doi.org/10.1177/0269881106069938 Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2015). Professional Standards of Practice and Behaviour for Nurses and Midwives. Retrieved from https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/nmc-publications/nmc-code.pdf Nursing and Midwifery Council, (2015). The Code, Professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses and midwives. Retrieved from https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/nmc-publications/nmc-code.pdf Nursing and Midwifery Council, (2015). Standards for pre-registration nursing education. Retrieved from https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/standards/nmc-standards-for-pre-registration-nursing-education.pdf Oladeji, B. D., Gureje, O. (2013). The comorbidity between depression and diabetes. Current Psychiatry Reports, 15(9), 390. Pryjmachuk, S. (2011). Mental health nursing: An evidence-based introduction. London; Los Angeles; SAGE. Royal College of Psychiatrists and Royal College of General Practitioners (2009) The management of patients with physical and psychological problems in primary care: a practical guide. Retrieved from: http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/pdfversion/cr152x.pdf Royal College of Psychiatrists, (2009) improving the lives of people with mental illness. Retrieved from http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mentalhealthinformation/therapies/cognitivebehaviouraltherapy.aspx Sanders, P and Hill, A. (2014) Counselling for Depression: A person Centred and Experiential Approach to Practice. Sage: London. Sheldon, B. (2011). Cognitive-behavioural therapy: Research and practice in health and social care (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. The Department of Health (2011) No Health without Mental Health. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213761/dh_124058.pdf Washington, C. M., Leaver, D. T. (2009). Principles and practice of radiation therapy (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Mosby. Wu, S. V. (2014). Rapid screening of psychological well-being of patients with chronic illness: Reliability and validity test on WHO-5 and PHQ-9 scales. Depression Research and Treatment, 2014, 1-9. doi.org/10.1155/2014/239490

Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Letters to Martha :: Charlotte Perkins Gilman Bibliography

Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Letters to Martha In January 1890, after two and a half years of depression and mental illness, Charlotte Perkins Stetson began to keep her journal again. Basking in the "steady windless weather" of Pasadena and the support of her friend Grace Channing, Charlotte slowly regained her strength, ambition, and ability to write. Concentrating on a new life on a new coast, her first brief entries express each day's essential details. On January 20, she says only "Began writing with Grace†¦". Charlotte does not record that on that clear, sun-shot Californian day, her thoughts turned once more to frigid New England and a friend from a former life. Despite her exhaustion, Charlotte gathered up a pile of stationery and began to write in a refined version of her usual scrawl. "Dear Martha", she wrote, "You knew and loved me once. You do not know me now, and I am not sure that you would love me if you did†¦ I have grown and changed wildly, darkly, strangely, beyond a mother's recognition, beyond my own." Perhaps here Charlotte paused, raised her head, and, contemplating her moonlit grove of orange trees, pondered Martha's reaction to her bold statements. Although these words were painful, Charlotte would not soften them for the sake of her gentle, distant friend. Bound still by a pact of "mutual understanding" nine years old, Charlotte owed Martha complete honesty in "word and deed". Nine years ago, before courtship, marriage, and childbirth, Mrs. Charles Lane of Hingham Massachusetts was simply Martha Luther and Charlotte's dearest friend. Their friendship began in 1878 when Charlotte was seventeen and Martha was sixteen. Both girls lived on the East Side of Providence: Charlotte on Manning Street and Martha on Arnold. They shared a love of reading, a desire to write, and had experienced a similar tragedy: the loss of a father. Martha's father, John Luther, died when she was fourteen. During Charlotte's childhood, her parents' separation reduced her father to a mere correspondent and occasional provider. Charlotte's numerous letters, diaries, and autobiography characterize her own mother as overly strict, disapproving, and physically distant. In her autobiography, The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Charlotte wrote that, denied affection from her mother as a child and adolescent, Martha became one of her "first memories of loving any one". At seventeen, athletic and energetic Charlotte roamed the streets and hills of Providence. One day she would attend a class at the Rhode Island School of Design, the next she would stride down the hill to browse through the shops, or go for a rousing, giddy carriage ride in Roger Williams Park with a pack of friends.

Three Quantitive Forecasting

Identify three qualitative forecasting methods and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. 1. Jury of Executive Panel: Executive panel forecasting uses the expertise of experienced upper managers from various aspects of the business to predict forecast. Executives from areas such as sales, financial, operations and production get together to predict trends, sales, and demand estimates for their particular area of expertise. Advantages of Jury of executive include: a. Seasoned professional provides their opinion b.The responses provided are quick since executives are apart of the organization c. Vested interest in the company Disadvantages include: a. Group think (individual managers may go with the group instead of their own opinion) b. Tendency to go along with the #1 man/woman c. 2. Consumer Survey: This forecasting is focused directly to the consumer. A series of questions are presented to the consumer about a particular product or service. I have been asked to participate in numerous consumer surveys about a product or service that I have used.The survey may used to decide if a product should be created, changed or discontinued. It consist of a sampling consumer to determine demand/spending trends. Advantages of Consumer Survey include: a. Information comes directly from the source (the customer) b. Asks the customer their intention. c. Interviews done in person, although they can be time consuming, allows the interviewer to see the respondents body languages. Can probe for deeper questions Disadvantages of consumer survey include: a.Consumers may not be entirely truthful b. Interviews that are done in person can be time consuming. c. Mailing and telephone, although they take less time and money, do not allow for probing questions 3. Delphi Method: Delphi method of forecasting was developed by RAND in 1950 with the original intent to focus on how technology affected warfare. The Delphi method is made up of a panel of experts who answers a series of care fully designed questions. In addition to experts, Delphi method also uses staff and respondents.Delphi method requires anonymity, iteration, controlled feedback and statistical aggregation of respondents (Rowe and Wright, 1999). Because of anonymity, individuals are free to express their opinions without judgment or peer-pressure. Iteration gives them the opportunity to rethink their response after further consideration. Controlled feedback provides respondents with the opinion of the other members of the panel. Advantages of Delphi include: a. Anonymity: It allows respondents to freely give their opinion without fear of the other participants knowing who they are. b.It is conducted in writing so it allows the participants to respond at their convenience within a prescribed period of time. c. Is focused on the current issue only. Disadvantages of Delphi include: a. Anonymity is also a disadvantage. Because the other participants do not know who makes the opinion, there is no ownersh ip for the opinion given. Experts may not be fully committed as they will not receive credit for their opinion. b. Can be time consuming as it requires iterations. c. Requires participants’ time and commitment so some participants may back out before the study is completed.

The High School English Classes You Should Take

The High School English Classes You Should Take SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It's no secret that colleges want you to take English class each year of high school. But what exactly are you supposed to be learning? What options do you have to exceed expectations and show off your stuff? And what if you're such a book-loving reader that in the dictionary under "bibliophile" there's a picture of you- how can you really max out your high school English experience? Read on to learn about the common core, honors and AP classes, and going beyond what the standard curriculum offers! What Do Colleges Expect? You'll be hard-pressed to find a college that doesn't expect you to have taken 4 years of English or Language Arts classes. Likewise, the vast majority of high schools require 4 years of English in order for you to graduate. These 4 years are cumulative, meaning each year builds on what you learned before, and now each year is most likely based on the common core standards. So, colleges assume that when you start freshman year, you've been learning all of this: 9th Grade is the setup year you practice basic essay-writing skills you study different literary genres you analyze narrative voice, characters, and plot 10th Grade is the building year you practice the outlining, drafting, and revising process you focus on themes and literary devices like imagery and voice 11th Grade focuses on American literature your writing gets more complex, as you do your own research and use outside sources you now start reading not just for content but also for historical context, period, setting, and point of view this is a good year to take American history as well 12th Grade looks out at the world you read British literature and sometimes world literature, depending on your high school you put all your skills together, analyzing complex literature and nonfiction you produce research papers, presentations, and maybe even multimedia projects this may be a good year to also take European or world history Common Core Reading Standards There's... a lot of choice. Having a guide helps. Want to know the type of books colleges assume you will have read by the time you get in? Here are some examples of what the common core standards want you to be reading in high school, broken down by year: Literature: Stories, Drama, Poetry Informational Texts: Literary Nonfiction and Historical, Scientific, and Technical Texts 9th - 10th Grade The Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare (1592) "Speech to the Second Virginia Convention" by Patrick Henry (1775) "Ozymandias" by Percy Bysshe Shelley (1817) "Farewell Address" by George Washington (1796) "The Raven" by Edgar Allen Poe (1845) "Gettysburg Address" by Abraham Lincoln (1863) "The Gift of the Magi" by O. Henry (1906) "State of the Union Address" by Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1941) The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1939) "Letter from Birmingham Jail" by Martin Luther King, Jr. (1964) Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury (1953) "Hope, Despair and Memory" by Elie Wiesel (1997) The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (1975) 11th - 12th Grade "Ode on a Grecian Urn" by John Keats (1820) Common Sense by Thomas Paine (1776) Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà « (1848) Walden by Henry David Thoreau (1854) "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" by Emily Dickinson (1890) "Society and Solitude" by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1857) The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald (1925) "The Fallacy of Success" by G. K. Chesterton (1909) Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston (1937) Black Boy by Richard Wright (1945) A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry (1959) "Politics and the English Language" by George Orwell (1946) The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri (2003) "Take the Tortillas Out of Your Poetry" by Rudolfo Anaya (1995) If you want a very long breakdown of what the common core recommends you study, check out their year-by-year guide. How Can I Exceed Expectations? Honors Classes These will most likely be similar to the standard classes your school offers, but the works you read will be more challenging and the assignments more complex and demanding. In other words, you'll do more work and put in more effort, but you'll be better prepared for college-level writing! Pro tip: in your school, honors classes may be a prerequisite for AP classes. AP English Classes There are two AP English options: AP English Language and Composition if your school offers both AP English classes, this is the one you'll take Junior year this class and exam are all about how writers do what they do: how they use rhetoric, genre, style, and how they play with audience expectations AP English Literature and Composition if your school offers both AP English classes, this is the one you'll take senior year this class and exam have to do with critical analysis, close reading, literary structure, themes, as well as imagery IB Diploma Classes There are three IB literature options: Language A: Literature this course focuses on the analysis of literary texts Language A: Language and Literature this class takes the analysis further by looking at both literary and non literary genres, and by considering how the context of writing or reading something affects its meaning Literature and Performance this class is all about the relationship between literature and theater, focusing on close reading, critical writing and the aesthetic and symbolic elements of performance Both Language A classes are offered in a variety of languages, and Literature and Performance can be taken in French or Spanish by special request, so these may be great options for non-native speakers or bilingual students. Some IB diploma classes can be taken online, but the closest you'll come to English online is the Film SL class, which is all about the history, formal elements, technical production, and of course critical analysis of film. What If I'm an English Class Junkie? Is There More? Please, sir, may I have some more... English class? In this bowl, for some reason? Check Out Your School's Electives This is the time to think just a little bit outside the box! For example, classes in creative writing offer a great window into later being able to see how someone else did it. Electives in the humanities can often offer what is basically a modified literature class. And there are many other subjects that focus on reading, analyzing, and writing about texts- subjects like philosophy, theater studies, world religions, psychology, or anthropology. Design Your Own Course Your school is your resource, so don't be afraid to get creative. Consider asking a teacher to help you set up an independent project or independent study to explore your interests! For example, in my senior year, on top of my coursework, with the help of my favorite English teacher I designed an independent study of reading and writing poetry. It was incredibly rewarding! Take High School Classes Online For instance, Stanford University has an online high school which features 7 English courses and lets you enroll to take as many of them as you want. Brown University also offers a set of online pre-college courses. They have 4 related classes on nonfiction, travel writing, formal college writing, and a humanities seminar on evolutionary thought. Take Summer Classes on College Campuses You can check out our guide to the Summer Institute for the Gifted or all the info we have collected about Stanford's two summer programs. Take Some Online College-Level Classes Are you super confident in your abilities or interested in something specific you can't find anywhere else? Maybe the best thing for you to do is prove yourself on a whole another level! Just think, doing well on a college-level course will look great on your transcript, and you might even get college credit for it! What's Next? Need to improve your acquaintance with key literary terms? Use our articles on personification, imagery, rhetorical devices, point of view, literary elements, assonance, and iambic pentameter to aid you in your quest. Still wrestling over whether AP or IB is better? Check out our guide to deciding between them. Curious how your writing skills will apply to the SAT? Read about how to improve your SAT writing score, or better yet, how to get a perfect 800 and how to get a 12 on the SAT essay. And don't forget to read about the ACT Writing test and SAT essay. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Essays

Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Essays Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Paper Fairest by Gail Carson Levine Notes Paper In front of my face when guests arrived, foolish practice, because It raised curiosity and concealed little. This part reminded me of myself because I have stupid habits. Also, I felt sad that AZ would think that she would have to hide herself or feel ashamed about what she looked like. 87 She was our ruler now! Everyone in the room and those outside knelt and swore their loyalty. I knelt, too, and she swayed against my shoulder. How could she rule? She didnt know Oratory. How frightened and grief stricken Id be in her place. This makes me feel angry but sorrow because Vii wasnt fit to be the queen, she didnt know how to rule so it wasnt fair that the country was put In such bad hands. But, I feel bad for her because she was scared to have to rule the kingdom. Also, she didnt deserve the king because she didnt love him; she Just wanted him to love her. 9-100 In Amount, at the Featherbed Inn, Where I once lived, my mother rakes up the fire. My father wakes the cook, who cannot cook today. Cream curdles; milk sours; eggs break; onions rot. My father and my mother put down their forks. In his castle, the king swallows enough but air. His life has narrowed, but his thread winds on. Should the king come to Amount, eyes wide, legs hale, mouth full of words . .. Cakes would bake themselves, mares s hoe themselves, roads pave themselves. My mother would don her damask gown. And I would sing until the sun cheered and the inn dissolved in music. : This song shows me that AZ really cares about the king and hopes he gets teeter and about Amount, the Featherbed Inn, and her family because when she put them into her song not only did it express her love, but also her sorrow. Thought this makes me wonder if everyones song were somewhat like this or if Seas was one of a kind and how Queen lavas song went and the reactions of the people at the sing. 316 At the sing I sat next to Koori, with Coho slating at attention between us. King Oscar and VII entered. The king seated himself next to me and placed VII on his other side. I tightened my grip on Coirs hand. This shows me that the king had forgiven AZ and anted to show her that and that he would keep Vii under control. Also, when AZ grabbed Coirs hand that she knew he would protect her and she would be safe with him and she loved Koori. Title: Fairest Author: Gail Carson Levine I developed the habit of holding my hand in front of my face when guests arrived, foolish practice, because it raised curiosity and concealed little. This part reminded know how to rule so it wasnt fair that the country was put in such bad hands. But, I feel bad for her because she was scared to have to rule the kingdom. Also, she didnt serve the king because she didnt love him; she Just wanted him to love her. 99-100 king come to Amount, eyes wide, legs hale, mouth full of words Cakes would bake kind and how Queen Aviss song went and the reactions of the people at the sing. 316 At the sing I sat next to Koori, with Coho sitting at attention between us. King Oscar and Vii entered. The king seated himself next to me and placed Vii on his other side. I tightened my grip on Coirs hand. This shows me that the king had forgiven AZ and grabbed Coirs hand that she knew he would protect her and she would be safe with him and she loved Koori.

REASONING AND ANALYSIS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

REASONING AND ANALYSIS - Research Paper Example The income transfer does not necessary need to be worked for but is issued on free terms regardless of merit. Consumption can be depicted by what a person eats, what person dresses, the house he or she lives in and the luxuries in which that person can afford. The price of a good can be considered the cost of buying a set good; on the other hand, value can be described as the satisfaction one derives from consuming a particular commodity. Therefore, value is the most important aspect to a consumer. The main argument that constitutes the claim is that income affects inherent consumption. It is guaranteed that as income increases, consumption also increases. Thus, the two are directly proportional. However, it can be noted that income affects consumption but not the other way round. Consumption cannot affect income since it is consumption that is dependent on income. In another perspective, it is noted that income also affects a person’s relations. As income increases, the relationship of a person with other people tends to be directed to people of the same caliber. A person who is rich can be noted to have more friends who are related to his or her status. Also, it is noted that rich people are less superstitious and noted to be les s religious. Therefore, income affects relations of the individual (Miller, 1998). In life, as someone increases his wealth, his surroundings tend to change. An instance is the theory put forward by Keynes. The theory is justified by different research papers. The Keynesian theory, the consumption of a person is directly affected by the income. The income tends to trigger other tastes and preferences that were not significant to a person in a former status. Therefore, a person tends to develop a taste for luxurious commodities depending on the level of income. In addition, as the price of luxurious goods increases, the value of the good also increases. Income also affects the consumption of alcohol

Business Research Paper about Currency Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business about Currency - Research Paper Example (See Table I – 2010 U.S. Unemployment Rate below) Because of the debt of Greece, investors were reluctant whether or not a solution will be developed to solve Greece’s debts (CNN Money a). Due to the distress in euro zone, the real value of USD increased against major currencies like Euro. This explains the weakening of Euro against USD between March 22 and March 23, 2010. The uncertainty in the U.S. healthcare bill caused the decline in the USD against Euro exchange rate starting March 24, 2010 (Twin). The real value of USD fell against Euro by 0.5% to US$1.3479. This was due to the strengthening of the Euro when the European Union leaders announced their decision to financially aid the debt of Greece during the summit in Brussels (Pepitone). The emergency bailout plan which aims to rescue to economic condition of Greece regain the confidence of investors with Euro. Between April 5 to April 8, USD weakened against the Euro. This is probably due to the fact that the U.S. job market worsened as compared to the previous weeks or previous months (Trading Economics). Other than the increased in the U.S. unemployment rate, the U.S. light crude oil for the period of May delivery increased by $1.75 per barrel. Because of the high cost of crude oil per barrel (US$86.62), a lot of investors became less confident with regards to how trading will go over the next few days or next few months (Twin, CNN News). Although there was a slight change in the cost of May delivery of crude oil last Thursday (April 8), decrease in the market price of imported crude oil per barrel remains high (US$85.39) (Twin, CNN Money). Stocks also fell when big companies like General Motors announced its huge loss in the market. These factors together with the strengthening of Greece and other Euro members made the value of USD against Euro fell back on April 8. Aside from what is going on in the U.S. economy, the success of the European and Asian markets made the currency of USD

The Impact of Technology on Today's Society Research Paper

The Impact of Technology on Today's Society - Research Paper Example The research is based on data gathered from secondary sources. Technology is the application of science to solve a problem. However, there is no definite definition of technology. As technology advances its definition changes. No one definition can describe technology without limiting it. This is because technology evolves each and every day to become more complex and sophisticated. Different types of technology work in different ways for example, we use information technology like the internet for creating and securing data, learning and communication. The scope of this paper is to establish the impact of technology on society.  As the report declares  the goal is to find out the impact of technology on society socially, politically, economically and its influence on health and the environment. The general thing about the different types of technology is that people use them to make life better.  Technology has existed for as long as man. The technology that existed in the pas t may not be as sophisticated and complex as it is today. The introduction of this paper defines technology as the use of science to solve problems and make life better. Computers and the internet may not have existed in the past but science was used to progress man, for example; pyramids of the Egyptians existed in the past.  The technology that exists today may not have existed in the past but there were innovations and inventions then that can also be termed as technology.

The Effects of Lsd Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Lsd Essay LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland as part of a large research program searching for medically useful ergot alkaloid derivatives. LSDs psychedelic properties were discovered 5 years later when Hofmann himself accidentally ingested an unknown quantity of the chemical. The first intentional ingestion of LSD occurred on April 19, 1943, when Hofmann ingested 250 mg of LSD. He said this would be a threshold dose based on the dosages of other ergot alkaloids. Hofmann found the effects to be much stronger than he anticipated. Sandoz Laboratories introduced LSD as a psychiatric drug in 1947. Beginning in the 1950s the US Central Intelligence Agency began a research program code named Project MKULTRA. Experiments included administering LSD to CIA employees, military personnel, doctors, other government agents, prostitutes, mentally ill patients, and members of the general public in order to study their reactions, usually without the subjects knowledge. The project was revealed in the US congressional Rockefeller Commission report in 1975. In 1963 the Sandoz patents expired on LSD. Also in 1963, the US Food and Drug Administration classified LSD as an Investigational New Drug, which meant new restrictions on medical and scientific use. [ Several figures, including Aldous Huxley, Timothy Leary, and Al Hubbard, began to advocate the consumption of LSD. LSD became central to the counterculture of the 1960s. On October 24, 1968, possession of LSD was made illegal in the United States. The last FDA approved study of LSD in patients ended in 1980, while a study in healthy volunteers was made in the late 1980s. Legally approved and regulated psychiatric use of LSD continued in Switzerland until 1993. Today, medical research is resuming around the world. Lysergic acid diethylamide, abbreviated LSD or LSD-25, also known as lysergide (INN) and colloquially as acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug of the ergoline family, well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences, as well as for its key role in 1960s counterculture. It is used mainly as an entheogen, recreational drug, and as an agent in psychedelic therapy. LSD is non-addictive, is not known to cause brain damage, and has extremely low toxicity relative to dose. However, adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions are possible. LSD was first synthesized by Albert Hofmann in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical derived by Arthur Stoll from ergot, a grain fungus that typically grows on rye. The short form LSD comes from its early code name LSD-25, which is an abbreviation for the German Lysergsaure-diethylamid followed by a sequential number. LSD is sensitive to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and chlorine, especially in solution, though its potency may last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In pure form it is a colorless, odorless, tasteless solid. LSD is typically delivered orally, usually on a substrate such as absorbent blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. In its liquid form, it can also be administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection. LSD is very potent, with 20–30 Â µg (micrograms) being the threshold dose. New experiments with LSD have started in 2009 for the first time in 40 years. Introduced by Sandoz Laboratories, with trade-name Delysid, as a drug with various psychiatric uses in 1947, LSD quickly became a therapeutic agent that appeared to show great promise. In the 1950s, officials at the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) thought the drug might be applicable to mind control and chemical warfare; the agencys MKULTRA research program propagated the drug among young servicemen and students. The subsequent recreational use of the drug by youth culture in the Western world during the 1960s led to a political firestorm that resulted in its prohibition. Currently, a number of organizations—including the Beckley Foundation, MAPS, Heffter Research Institute and the Albert Hofmann Foundation—exist to fund, encourage and coordinate research into the medicinal and spiritual uses of LSD and related psychedelics. LSD can cause pupil dilation, reduced or increased appetite, and wakefulness. Other physical reactions to LSD are highly variable and nonspecific, some of which may be secondary to the psychological effects of LSD. Among the reported symptoms are numbness, weakness, nausea, hypothermia or hyperthermia, elevated blood sugar, goose bumps, heart rate increase, jaw clenching, perspiration, saliva production, mucus production, sleeplessness, hyperreflexia, and tremors. Some users, including Albert Hofmann, report a strong metallic taste for the duration of the effects. LSD is not considered addictive by the medical community. Rapid tolerance build-up prevents regular use,[citation needed] and cross-tolerance has been demonstrated between LSD, mescaline[ and psilocybin. This tolerance diminishes after a few days after cessation of use and is probably caused by down regulation of 5-HT2A receptors in the brain. LSDs psychological effects (colloquially called a trip) vary greatly from person to person, depending on factors such as previous experiences, state of mind and environment, as well as dose strength. They also vary from one trip to another, and even as time pass during a single trip. An LSD trip can have long-term psych emotional effects; some users cite the LSD experience as causing significant changes in their personality and life perspective [citation needed]. Widely different effects emerge based on what Timothy Leary called set and setting; the set being the general mindset of the user, and the setting being the physical and social environment in which the drugs effects are experienced. Some psychological effects may include an experience of radiant colors, objects and surfaces appearing to ripple or breathe, colored patterns behind the closed eyelids (eidetic imagery), an altered sense of time (time seems to be stretching, repeating itself, changing speed or stopping), crawling geometric patterns overlaying walls and other objects, morphing objects, a sense that ones thoughts are spiraling into themselves, loss of a sense of identity or the ego (known as ego death), and other powerful psycho-physical reactions. Many users experience dissolution between themselves and the outside world. This unitive quality may play a role in the spiritual and religious aspects of LSD. The drug sometimes leads to disintegration or restructuring of the users historical personality and creates a mental state that some users report allows them to have more choice regarding the nature of their own personality. If the user is in a hostile or otherwise unsettling environment, or is not mentally prepared for the powerful distortions in perception and thought that the drug causes, effects are more likely to be unpleasant than if he or she is in a comfortable environment and has a relaxed, balanced and open mindset. LSD causes an altered sensory experience of senses, emotions, memories, time, and awareness for 6 to 14 hours, depending on dosage and tolerance. Generally beginning within thirty to ninety minutes after ingestion, the user may experience anything from subtle changes in perception to overwhelming cognitive shifts. Changes in auditory and visual perception are typical. Visual effects include the illusion of movement of static surfaces (walls breathing), after mage-like trails of moving objects (tracers), the appearance of moving colored geometric patterns (especially with closed eyes), an intensification of colors and brightness (sparkling), new textures on objects, blurred vision, and shape suggestibility. Users commonly report that the inanimate world appears to animate in an unexplainable way; for instance, objects that are static in three dimensions can seem to be moving relative to one or more additional spatial dimensions. Many of the basic visual effects resemble the phosphine seen after applying pressure to the eye and have also been studied under the name form constants. The auditory effects of LSD may include echo-like distortions of sounds, changes in ability to discern concurrent auditory stimuli, and a general intensification of the experience of music. Higher doses often cause intense and fundamental distortions of sensory perception such as synesthesia, the experience of additional spatial or temporal dimensions, and temporary dissociation. The potential uses of LSD end of life anxiety, alcoholism, pain, cluster headaches, spiritual, and creativity. These are the potential adverse effects: adverse drug interactions, mental disorders, and suggestibility and also psychosis.

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes! We’re coming Abraham Lincoln. With curses loud and deep. That will haunt you in your walking, and disturb you in your sleep.† This is a battle hymn sung by the Sons of Liberty which is the first Confederate run terrorist group Higham talks about. This hymn is a good example of the tone author Charles Higham sets for the book. Murdering Mr. Lincoln by Charles Higham, presents the reader with a factual, in-depth look at the story behind the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. Higham leaves no stone unturned as he thoroughly explains the events that lead up to the death of Lincoln. Overall, the book is written in the eyes of the Confederacy and examples like this hymn give the reader reason to believe so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first section that Higham explains is titled â€Å"The Mission.† This section gives a general overview of the mission of Confederate groups to try to remove President Lincoln from office. As the author explains, the Sons of Liberty were dedicated people, not just of the South, but also from Canada, who were willing to create a plan to take out the North. They did this is several ways, such as provoking war between England and the United States. Higham backs up his belief by providing vital information. â€Å"In the fall of 1861...Union adventurer Captain Charles F. Wilkes was sent to stage a boarding and seizure of the British ship Trent. This was, in legal terms, and act of war since no ship could be boarded in that manner according to the peculiar maritime rules† (Pg 9). Higham also lays down a background of future players that will be involved in the Lincoln assassination. Officials such as Confederate President Jefferson Davis, his Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin, and the Secretary of the Treasury Chris Memminger were planning to send a Confederate mission to British North America. The objective of the mission was to disrupt the loyal American states and enlist support for possible invasion, arson and murder to endanger the North. Higham’s viewpoints of the beginning stages of the coup d’etat against Lincoln are backed up with precision accuracy. It is very easy to understand his style of writing, especially when he writes about some of the people involved in the situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Higham calls this next player to be the â€Å"most furious and dangerous anti-Lincol... ...d in the average history book. Here is where Higham instills a lasting impression on the reader of the entire situation. John Wilkes Booth, and most of his accomplices, were seized and sent to trial where they were all found guilty of murder. One of the interesting things about the story is that John Surratt, whose mother was hanged for the crime, managed to be at two places at once. John Surratt was another Confederate supporter who conspired with Booth about the assassination plot on Lincoln. While a fugitive from the American justice system, Surratt escaped first to Canada, proceeded to Great Britain, then Rome, and after a brief detention there, to Alexandria, Egypt. This is just one of the conspiracies Higham talks about in his book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From start to finish, Higham thoroughly explains each stage that lead to the eventual assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. One of the reasons why Higham is so successful in his attempt tell the story is that he back his information and arguments up with detailed accounts of what actually happened. Higham style is informative and understandable. Higham knowledge of the subject matter comes through in the book.